Gonorrhea - Symptoms & Treatment

Gonorrhea is a curable sexually transmitted disease. It is most common in young adults. Gonorrhea is caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonococcal infections following sexual and perinatal transmission are a major source of morbidity worldwide. In the developed world, where prophylaxis for neonatal eye infection is standard, the vast majority of infections follow genitourinary mucosal exposure. Gonorrhea can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her baby during the birth process through a vaginal delivery. In babies, gonorrhea infection may cause blindness, joint infection, or a life threatening blood infection. Gonorrhea among females can also be transmitted from one individual to another via contact to surfaces that may still be damp from prior contact. These bacteria can infect the genital tract, mouth, and rectum of both men and women.

Opening to the uterus (cervix) is the first place of infection. More serious clinical syndromes may follow, with ascending involvement of the reproductive tract or systemic spread. Infection is due to N gonorrhoeae , a highly infectious gram-negative diplococcal organism. Plasmid and nonplasmid genes are transmitted freely between different subtypes. People who have had gonorrhea and received treatment may get infected again if they have sexual contact with a person infected with gonorrhea.The ensuing exchange of surface protein genes results in high host susceptibility to reinfection. The exchange of antibiotic resistance genes has led to extremely high levels of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics over the last 2 decades.

Causes of Gonorrhea

Common causes of Gonorrhea

• Bacteria(Neisseria gonorrhoeae).
• Sexual exposure to an infected individual without barrier protection.
• Multiple sexual partners Infants.
• Passage through the infected birth canal of the mother.
• Children-Sexual abuse by an infected individual.
• PID-Use of an intrauterine device.

Symptoms of Gonorrhea

Common Symptoms of Gonorrhea

• White, yellow, or green pus from the penis with pain
• Burning sensations.
• Painful testicles
• Vaginal discharge. Soreness.
• Bleeding.
• Itching of the anus.

Treatment of Gonorrhea

Common Treatment of Gonorrhea

• Limit the number of your sex partners.
• By using latex condoms correctly and consistently during vaginal or rectal sexual activity.
• If you think you are infected, avoid any sexual contact and visit a local sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, hospital or your doctor.
• Notify all sexual contacts immediately so that they can be examined and treated by a health care provider.
• Widespread infection to other parts of the body, like the blood, joints, or heart
• Drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea( penicillins, tetracyclines, spectinomycin, and fluoroquinolones) are increasing in many areas of the world, including the United States, and successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult.
• Pain relief may be needed for patients with epididymitis, PID, and DGI

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