Salmonella Infection - Symptoms & Treatment

Salmonella infection is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella. Salmonella is the most common bacterial pathogen found in stool cultures recovered from patients presenting with gastroenteritis or severe diarrhea. Salmonella bacteria carried by some animals, which can be transmitted on kitchen surfaces and in water, soil, animal feces, raw meats, and eggs. salmonella infection generally causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), fever , and headache. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea and fever. Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics. There are many different kinds of Salmonella bacteria.

Salmonella infections typically affect a child's intestines, causing vomiting, fever, and other symptoms that usually resolve without medical treatment.Pathogenesis remains uncertain and disease management is controversial, the prognosis is generally good. The mode of transmission for the development of enterocolitis (nontyphoidal Salmonella infection) is by ingestion of the organisms in food derived from infected animals or contaminated with feces of an infected individual. Pets, such as turtles, tortoises, iguanas, chicks, dogs, and cats as well as poultry, swine, cattle, rodents, and infected humans all are potential reservoirs. Raw milk and raw milk products, undercooked or raw eggs and egg products, meat and meat products, and contaminated water are potential sources.

Causes of Salmonella Infection

Common causes of Salmonella Infection

• Bacteria(Salmonella).
• Salmonella enteritidis.
• S typhi..
• Salmonella paratyphi.

Symptoms of Salmonella Infection

Common Symptoms of Salmonella Infection

• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Abdominal cramps
• Diarrhea (sometimes bloody).
• Fever.
• Headache.
• Anorexia.
• Abdominal pain.
• Malaise.
• Myalgias.
• Cough.
• Delirium.

Treatment of Salmonella Infection

Common Treatment of Salmonella Infection

• Treatment involves monitoring hydration status and IV therapy to correct electrolyte imbalance or restore intravascular volume.
• Antidiarrheal agents may actually prolong GI transit time and the illness.
• Antimicrobial agents and hospital admission may be recommended in Salmonella gastroenteritis in infants younger than 3 months, infants younger than 12 months with temperatures higher than 39°C and unknown blood culture results, and patients with hemoglobinopathies, HIV infection or other causes of immunosuppression, neoplasms, or chronic GI illnesses.
• The recommended antibiotics for individuals at high risk of invasive disease include ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone.
• Salmonella meningitis, ceftriaxone or cefotaxime is recommended for 4 weeks or longer .
• Transfusions should be based on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.

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